INDIVIDUALS INVOLVED IN LEFTIST ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE UNITED STATES (leading up to creation of, as well as operations within ACLU

INDIVIDUALS INVOLVED IN LEFTIST ACTIVITIES

WITHIN THE UNITED STATES

(leading up to creation of, as well as operations within ACLU)

 

Addams, Jane                           Co-founder of American League to Limit Armaments; known radical pacifist; member of ACLU; anti-war activist during WWI, founder of Hull House (see above).

Baldwin, Roger                          director, National Civil Liberties Bureau, known anarchist, promoted "Red Radicalism", director of ACLU in 1920,

Broun, Heywood                       New member, ACLU, 1930 to 1940 period

Buck, Pearl                               New member, ACLU, 1930 to 1940 period

Budenz, Louis                           publicity director in 1920 of ACLU, an known communist participating in party issues.

Dabney, Virginius                      New member, ACLU, 1930 to 1940 period

Debs,  Eugene V.                      ACLU first decade, 1920 to 1930

Dewey, John                             ACLU first decade, 1920 to 1930

Dorrow, Clarence                       ACLU first decade, 1920 to 1930

Eddy, Sherwood                       New member, ACLU, 1930 to 1940 period

Ernst, Morris                             ACLU first decade, 1920 to 1930

Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley              co-founder of ACLU, 1919, at party held on release from prison of Roger Baldwin in 1919, National Charman of American Communist Party

Foster, William Z.                      Member of ACLU, National Committee during the period 1920 to 1930, Born April 27, 1897, Mother was Anna Chapman; Father: Jed Foster.

Frankfurter, Felix                       Member of ACLU, National Committee during the period 1920 to 1930

Graham, Frank P.                      New member, ACLU, 1930 to 1940 period

Hillquit, Morris                           co-founder of American League to Limit Armaments, known radical pacifist

Holmes, John Haynes                co-founder of American League to Limit Armaments, known radical pacifist

Howe, Quincy                            New member, ACLU, 1930 to 1940 period

Kilpatrick, William H.                  New member, ACLU, 1930 to 1940 period

Kirchwey, George W.                 ACLU first decade, 1920 to 1930

Kleeck, Mary Van                      New member, ACLU, 1930 to 1940 period

Lamont, Corliss                         New member, ACLU, 1930 to 1940 period

Laski, Harold J.                         Member of ACLU, National Committee during the period 1920 to 1930

Lochner, Louis                          Emergency Peace Federation, leader, known communist, also part of American Leauge to Limit Armaments, known radical pacifist, "...one of the most notorious Reds in America" (Biographical Dictionary Of The Left).

Lovett, Robert Morss                 Member of ACLU, National Committee during the period 1920 to 1930

Marcantonio, Vito                      New member, ACLU, 1930 to 1940 period

Marshall, Thurgood                    New member, ACLU, 1930 to 1940 period

Meiklejohn, Alexander                ACLU first decade, 1920 to 1930

Muste, Abraham J.                    Member of ACLU, National Committee during the period 1920 to 1930

Nearing, Scott                           Member of ACLU, National Committee during the period 1920 to 1930, Born August 6, 1883, Moris Rein??

Oxnam, Bishop G. Bromley       New member, ACLU, 1930 to 1940 period

Peabody, George Foster           co-founder of American League to Limit Armaments, known radical pacifist

Rankin, Jeanette                        Member of ACLU, National Committee during the period 1920 to 1930

Rice, Elmer                               New member, ACLU, 1930 to 1940 period

Ryan, Monsignor John A.          ACLU first decade, 1920 to 1930

Scudder, Vida                           Member of ACLU, National Committee during the period 1920 to 1930

Seymour, Whitney North            New member, ACLU, 1930 to 1940 period

Sherwood, Robert E.                 New member, ACLU, 1930 to 1940 period

Simkhovitch, Mary                     New member, ACLU, 1930 to 1940 period

Smedley, Agnes                        co-founded ACLU, 1919, at party held on release of Roger Baldwin from prison in 1919, soviet espionage agent based in  China

Thomas, Norman                       co-founder of ACLU, 1919, at party held on release from prison of Roger Baldwin in 1919, patriarch of Socialist Party

 

Document 10: Louis Lochner to Woodrow Wilson, 2 June 1915, Library of Congress, Ford Peace Plan Papers (Jane Addams Papers microfilm, reel 8, #1080) Introduction

Document 10: Louis Lochner to Woodrow Wilson, 2 June 1915, Library of Congress, Ford Peace Plan Papers (Jane Addams Papers microfilm, reel 8, #1080)

Introduction

        Louis Lochner, as Secretary of the Chicago Peace Party (CPP), attended the Women's Peace Congress at The Hague. He often wrote to government officials at the request of Jane Addams, the CPP’s President, attempting to persuade them to support the American women's peace efforts.The following letter, written from Amsterdam on behalf of Jane Addams, contested various assertions by the American government about Germany.  As a German speaker, Lochner gathered information on the situation in that nation while he helped prepare for Addams's visit.  Lochner observed that many Germans wanted the war to end.  Throughout the letter, Lochner provided several concrete examples to question the official information received by government officials in the United States.  This letter illustrated the positions of various German groups on the question of peace and prepared the President of the United States for a meeting with Jane Addams.

June
Second,
1915.

To His Excellency,
The President,
Washington, D. C.

Dear Mr. President:

        At the suggestion and request of Miss Jane Addams, with whom it was my privilege to associate during her recent trip to The Hague, I take the liberty of submitting to you the following facts, believing that every bit of information concerning the European situation will be welcome to you.

        In the first place, Miss Addams requests me to report an interview which she had with Sir Edmund Grey. Mr. Grey volunteered the significant statement that, while it was impossible for the belligerent nations to act in the direction of an early peace, it was in his estimation up to the neutrals to do so. Miss Addams told me that Mr. Grey seemed extremely harassed over the terrible situation, as his brother was even then in a hospital with a shattered arm, and another relative with several intestinal wounds. He also admitted that, if the freedom of Belgium were to be secured by force of arms on the part of the Allies, Belgium would practically be ruined.

        Miss Addams upon her return will no doubt amplify upon the substance of her message as above given, but she desired me meanwhile to communicate this much to you.

        While Miss Addams was in England, I went to Germany to arrange for her interview with the Germany government. It is my observations in Germany that I have been especially requested to communicate to you. I shall be glad to amplify upon the facts herewith submitted, in case you so desire.

        The impression which seems to prevail in this country is that Germany is absolutely united in the present war. However true that may have been in the beginning, I certainly found many voices raised in favor of an early peace, and also found many evidences of a determined campaign to rid the country of militarism through the German people themselves.

        In the first place, it is an open secret that there is a rift between the foreign office and the general staff. The Lusitania tragedy, for instance, was conceived by Admiral von Terpitz against the advice of the foreign office, as was also, I have every reason to believe, the reply to the American protest.[A]

        Another faction that is out of sympathy with the military regime that now has the upper hand, is the Socialist Party. Eduard Bernstein, a member of the Reichstag and leader of the Socialists, told me that if Karl Liebknescht were to come up for re-election at this time, he would be returned by at least a three-fourths majority. Bernstein further added that, if further appropriations were to be voted by the Reichstag for the war, he for one would support Liebknescht, as would probably a number of other Socialists. Even those who would not have the courage to stand up and be counted as against additional appropriations, he said, were at heart against the military. I have an exceedingly interesting manuscript by Mr. Bernstein -- written in German -- which gives the position of the German Socialists at the present time. I shall be glad to send you a copy or translation if you think it worth while. Mr. Bernstein is now bending all his efforts towards an understanding with the French Socialists, and told me confidentially that the foreign office had approached Liebknescht and asked him to bring about a French-German understanding between the working people of both countries, so that the way might be paved for peace.

        A third group is that associated in the "Bund Neues Vaterland," concerning which I enclose a statement.[B] You will see from the personnel that it includes such men even as Dr. Hans Dolbruck. This "Bund" is diligently at work to bring about an understanding with England, as it believes that the military party is trying to effect a coalition with Russia, with a view to perpetuating autocracy. This splendid group is working under tremendous difficulties, but with marked success.

        It was my privilege to address this body on the topic, "Warum ist Deutschland in Amerika unbeliebt?"[C] and this body readily agreed that the violation of the neutrality of Belgium, the action of the German-Americans in arranging for so-called "neutrality meetings," the activities of men like Professor Kuhnemann, the procedure of Count Bernstorff in inserting an advertisement regarding the Lusitania in American newspapers, and the torpedoing of the Lusitania were open to criticism, to say the least. May I not in passing note that the introductory remarks precedent to my speaking were made by Professor Ernst Sieper of Munich University, a man who has long worked in the Anglo-German "Verständegungs-Bewegung."[D]  Professor Sieper pointed out that while there is now a blatant and arrogant party in Germany which temporarily has the upper hand, yet a talk here and there with private citizens in their homes, yes, even confidential talks with newspaper editors would soon convince me that the real Germany was not speaking through the papers, and that the real Germany was most anxious for peace and for international understanding.

        A fourth group are the rank and file whom you meet in the trains and on the cars. I always made it a point to travel in a third-class coupe, so that I might get close to the people. As I am of German extraction -- though neutral -- I speak German as readily as I do English, and was thus in a position to talk to many Germans without disclosing my American identity. However blatant the censored press, however "patriotic" German people when in large gatherings, speak to them alone and they wish nothing more than that the accursed war might soon stop. I find that people are entirely in the dark as to the American viewpoint or the contentions of the Allies. How the Americans can furnish arms to the Allies without also furnishing them to the Germans is a mystery to them, which, of course, the press has taken no trouble to explain. The rank and file are also absolutely convinced that the Russians broke into Germany before the Germans, "in self-defense," went into Belgium.

        A further division with the Empire is that over the question of the future of Belgium. The war party maintains that Belgium must be permanently annexed. But the foreign office and sane people generally see the greatest possible danger to Germany in such contemplated action, should it be possible from a military point of view. I wish in this connection especially to report an interview with Dr. Hans Delbruck. He said to me --  

"If you have any opportunity to communicate with the President directly, please tell him that, if he will stop the shipment of munitions of war to the Allies, I and those of like thought with me will pledge ourselves to see to it that Belgium is evacuated and the war stopped, with the understanding, however, that England will compensate us for the evacuation of Belgium (a thing I have reason to believe England will gladly do) through the offer, possibly, of a strip of land in Africa."

       Acting on the assumption that this was more or less of a "feeler" on the part of Dr. Delbruck, I take it that this represents maximum terms rather than minimum, and that Germany will in any event be glad to leave Belgium, provided some means be found to call a halt to military operations on the part of the Allies.

        In that connection may I not point out how terrible it will be for Belgium should Germany be beaten back by military force. The evidence that I have gathered leads me to believe that a conquering army often behaves reasonably well so long as it is in possession of the enemy's territory; the minute, however, that it is forced to abandon a place, the commanding officers lose control of their men and wholesale destruction and rapine takes place.  

        One further observation to which I permit myself to draw your attention is the fact that the German Chancellor has become so grieved over the loss of his son on the battlefield, and over the death of his wife, that he is not physically strong enough to dominate the military clique. He stands with the foreign office (with a possible exception of Von Jagow) for peace and for the strict observance of international conventions regarding warfare, but does not assert himself sufficiently.

        In the course of my visit to Holland and Germany, I had many opportunities to see letters written by soldiers in the trenches. They would seem to indicate that everybody is thoroughly sick of the war, and would hail as the greatest benefactor to mankind him who will point the way out of the melee.

        In conclusion, I desire to venture the criticism that our ambassador at Berlin does not keep in touch with the various currents in Germany, but rather listens to one party -- the military -- only. I make this criticism with considerable hesitancy, but in the belief that these serious times require the greatest frankness. I base my criticism upon the following facts:

       (1) Mr. Gerard stated to me that "Miss Addams has not a ghost of a show to be received by the German government. The Germans do not care for peace." Yet Miss Addams has already been received.

       (2) He ventured the assertion that "Nobody in Germany thinks of peace" -- in contradiction to which I submit the above evidence.

       (3) He warned me that "Nobody is allowed to talk about peace, nor even discuss terms of peace. Anybody so doing is locked up in jail." As a matter of fact,I spoke at a public peace meeting of the "Bund ist Vaterland" and nothing happened to me.

       (4) He said, "Germany is going to keep Belgium -- Von Dermburg simply lies when he says the thing she is reported to have said in America." As I have tried to point out, the Belgium question is already splitting Germany, and Mr. Von Dermburgis certainly reflecting the opinion of many Germans when he indicates Germany's willingness to leave Belgium.

       (5) He pointed out that to the Germans the Congress of Women at The Hague was a farce, and that not a single German newspaper paid any attention to it. As a matter offact, to my personal knowledge, the "Berliner Tageblatt," the"Varwärts," the "Kölnische Zeitung," the "Wossische Zeitung," and the "Hamburger Fremdenblatt" contained daily accounts of the meetings.

       I have the honor to remain  

Very respectfully yours,

Secretary
Lochner

 

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Document 9: Emily Greene Balch to Louis Lochner, 1 June 1915, Jane Addams Papers, Series I, Swarthmore College Peace Collection (Jane Addams Papers microfilm, reel 8, #993).

Document 9: Emily Greene Balch to Louis Lochner, 1 June 1915, Jane Addams Papers, Series I, Swarthmore College Peace Collection (Jane Addams Papers microfilm, reel 8, #993).

Introduction

       In this letter to Louis Lochner, Emily Greene Balch chronicled her visit to the Scandinavian countries. She was hopeful that Germany might be willing to begin peace talks. Her discussion with the leader of the Dutch Social Democrats foreshadowed the revolutions that were to follow the war. Her letter provides rich commentary on the diplomatic positions of various nations in June 1915. It also shows that she was aware of the reception of Jane Addams's group in Germany.

(COPY)

GRAND HOTEL

Christiania, June 1st 1915.

Dear Mr. Lochner:[A]

       I have been trying for days for a lucid interval in which to write you. Our interview in Copenhagen with the Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs and here with the Minister of Foreign Affairs and later a group of Peace members of the Storthing--Mr. Garstad (president of the whole Storthing), Mr. Lovland (president of the Nobel Committee and former Prime Minister), Mr. Tahren (president of one of the two divisions of the Storthing), and Mr. Castberg (president of the other, and also member of the Interparliamentary Peace Union of the Storthing)--all had a mainly formal though friendly character. On the other hand, the King of Norway talked with us for 1-3.4 hours, most informally but to no great purpose, though he seemed really interested in the Wisconsin plan as explained by us.[B] We met Christian Lange also, together with prominent women here, besides receptions, etc., all of it propaganda, but nothing very marked.[C]

       On the other hand, I especially want to most indiscreetly report of you a talk Mme. Schwimmer had with the German ambassador in Copenhagen. He talked very frankly and was quite international-minded. He thought that President Wilson of the U.S.A. had behaved very badly. Now why, do you suppose? Ammunition and so forth? No. It was etwas unerhort [something unheard of] that a great neutral country like the U.S. had not come forward in such a world war.

       I had a long talk with our Minister in Copenhagen, Mr. Egan, and had something of the impression that you had of Mr. Gerard in at least so far that the diplomatic world seems so far away and so incredulous to all that does not answer to the preconceived notions--everything really different from the past is impossible, inconceivable. Yet it is so obvious if anyone will think with any freshness that such an unprecedented war coming at such a stage of social-economic development with so much explosive industrial social material ready to hand in every country is bound to have unprecedented consequences.

       I talked in Hague with Troelstra, the leader of the Social Democrats in the Netherlands parliament. I said " Will there be revolutions as a consequence of the war?" His answer was "If the war closes soon there will not be revolts, but if it goes on long there will not be absolute revolutions, but anarchy. Then governments will turn to the social democrats as a constructive party to try to create order. I find here in the highest quarters the conviction that there will be revolutions everywhere, that Norway itself will have a revolution." I repeat this as it is a reason the more, as we all know, why governments can well afford to make peace before too late.

       Now, what we are asking the Scandinavian government is "Would you three with Switzerland and Holland send out an invitation to a neutral conference if you knew that the United States would be glad to respond?" This on the supposition that the present state of public opinion in Germany excludes the United States as the first mover." Of course people say "Wilson has already offered mediation." Is it not important that Wilson should make it clear that he has not taken a position such that it would be a discourtesy to the United States if some other neutral nation or nations acted?

       You probably know at least as much of the fortunes of Miss Addams' party as we do, namely: (1) that in Berlin they were received by Von Jargow and Jane Addams by Bethmann Hollweg- that Miss Addams was very well satisfied with the interview, and that the Germans said the same thing that the English had, but I think with reference as regards the U.S. export of munitions.

       Since then they have been received by Stuergis, Burian and Berchtold, and at Budapest, as we understand, by Tisza. Our last news was that they were en route to Berne, Rome, etc., as per program.

       After all this, the two delegations are to rendezvous and compare notes at Amsterdam. Miss Manus' address serves as address for all of us. I am going to Stockholm with our present group (Rosika Schwimmer, Mme. Ramondt, Miss Wales and Chrystal Macmillan) and to Petrograd with Miss Macmillan, Mrs. Ramondt and a Swedish delegate, Palmastiorna. Miss Wales will probably sail for the United States from Copenhagen after our Stockholm visit. I hope to return with the others to Amsterdam.

       One other thing I mean to say apropos of Egan is that he got word from Gerard that he should keep Americans out of Germany as much as possible, that if they went they must be prepared for all sorts of insolence, etc. Everything calculated to increase the idea of enmity and to make the tension greater. Mrs. Gerard was saying to people when our friends were in Berlin that one couldn't tell what would happen, and that she was all packed up and ready to go. Is this not criminal under the circumstances? We in our brief passage through Germany found people so friendly, so conversable, so eager for peace. "Of course there was no idea of holding Belgium." On the other hand they believe England is of course going to insist on holding Calais, that she is putting up buildings there and preparing for a permanent possession.

       Please use this as if you can at the White House or elsewhere in your discretion.

Yours in great haste,

(Signed)         E.G. Balch

P.S. Have seen Knudsen (Prime Minister) at his request. Friendly and gave most serious attention. Argued with us, and promised to have it considered.

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A. For more information on Louis Paul Lochner (1887-1975), please visit the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Journalism Award Winners for 1955 site.
       Back to Text

B. The Wisconsin plan was a proposal by the International Congress of Women detailing how a fair and just peace could be achieved.
       Back to Text

C. Christian Lange was Secretary of the Interparliamentary Union in the Storthing.
       Back to Text

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Formation of ACLU

 

INDIVIDUALS & ORGANIZATION

ASSOCIATED WITH CREATION OF ACLU

 

EDITOR'S NOTE: This is a work in progress.  It is placed on the GKO web site so you can view it as our research continues. For a list of those individuals listed, with details regarding their leftist work, refer to the individuals section at the bottom segment of this file.  Thank you.

 

 

 

LEFTIST ORGANIZATIONS LEADING UP TO

ACLU WITHIN THE UNITED STATES

 

Emergency Peace Federation

Louis Lochner, leader

 

 

American League To Limit Armaments (18 Dec 1914 from Emergency Peace Federation)

Members included:

Morris Hillquit

L. Hollingsworth  Wood

Stephen Wise

George Foster Peabody

John Haynes Holmes

Jane Addams

 

 

American Union Against Militarism [AUAM] (early 1915)

1. Purpose was to prevent further militarism of US through legislation.

2. Executive committee decided to expand scope of work, thus forming the AUAM.

3. Civil Liberties Bureau (department within AUAM, Oct. 1917) (made self ruling, apart from AUAM)

a. Roger Baldwin, director (Roger Baldwin Foundation)

b. Came into being once US entered WWI

c. Up until WWI, AUAM worked on legislation that would prevent arming and entering war.

d. Once we entered WWI, the AUAM founded a number of CLB chapters in D.C. and NYC

e. Encouraged membership to cooperate with the Socialist Party of that time.

f. Friends belonging to "Fellowship of Reconciliation" pursuaded Baldwin to form National Civil Liberties Bureau in Oct. 1917.

g. Connections with AUAM were then severed as Baldwin spun the NCLB off of AUM

4. Roger Baldwin (1884-1981) Roger Baldwin was a known anarchist who helped organize the National Civil Liberties Union (NCLU) in  1917.  He served as director at that time.  Baldwin promoted conscientious objection and was eventually imprisoned for draft evasion and was subsequently released in 1919. It was at a party in his honor that the attendees decided to establish the NCLU, as an integral part of AUAM (American League to Limit Armaments). The NCLU was, in fact, the direct forerunner of today's ACLU.

 

                               

National Civil Liberties Bureau [NCLB] (Oct 1917)

1. Roger Balwin, director (see above)

2. Friends from "Fellowship of Reconciliation" pursuaded Baldwin to form this org from AUAM

3. Severed all connections with AUAM.

4. Primary function was to encourage conscientious objection among citizenry of US

5. Took up legal battles of a few conscientious objectors during that time.

6. Assisted radical groups in their effort to subvert the war effort in US

7. "...to do everything possible to promote Red radicalism" (Biographical Dictionary Of The Left).

8. Baldwin was arrested for draft evasion. Released in July 1919.

9. Party was given in Baldwin's honor and those who attended agreed to form the ACLU from the embers of NCLB.

10. Those notable who attended were: Norman Thomas, host, who, incidentally became the patriarch of the Socialist Party; Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, who became the national chairman for the American Communist Party; and Agnes Smedley, who became a Soviet agent operating in China.

 

 

American Civil Liberties Union [ACLU] (1919)

1. Foundations of ACLU were formed in 1919 when, at a party given in honor of imprisoned Roger Baldwin, those who attended decided to form the ACLU from the embers of the NCLB, which apparently became stagnant due to the absence of Baldwin from his imprisonment (not sure of date) and his release in 1919.

2. Harry Ward, chairman in 1920; Baldwin, director; Louis Budenz, publicity director.

3. ACLU National Committee (listed below) contained the most active socialists and communists of that time.

 

 

                                                ACLU National Committee (1920 to 1930)

Jane Addams (1860-1935): Jane Addams was a known anti-war activist during the time of World War I. It was her stated belief that it was the mission of social reformers to transform society so to make peace possible. It was her believe that, because the world faced immeasurable threats of an International nature, society must look to a "new morality," transforming "nationalism into internationalism"--"patriotism into humanitarianism."  It has been said that Addams turned to social work after being forced out of medical school where she had suffered from depression and had become ill. Many of her friends and former associates also deserted her because they believed her to be a dangerous radical.  She founded Hull House in Chicago (1889) where she sought to care for, and educate the poor. It was at Hull House that she died in 1935. Addams commonly fought for woman's suffrage, racial equality, civil liberties, immigrant protection, and labor unions within the United States. In 1915, she called an emergency meeting at the Hague that was referred to as the Int'l Congress of Women. Their aim was to find a way to stop the war. What came out of that meeting was a plan to found the Women's Peace Party, which eventually, in 1919, became known as the Women's Int'l League For Peace and Freedom. Addams was elected as the first president of this organization. The WILPF encouraged neutral mediation of war by key female members traveling to the capitals of all nations entrenched in war. In 1931, she shared a nobel peace prize for her efforts to promote global peace.  She shared the 1931 Nobel Peace Prize for her efforts to promote peace.

Elizabeth Gurley Flynn (1890-1964): A political radical within the United States. She was one of the founders of the ACLU. She had joined the Communist Party of the United States in 1937, serving as its national chairperson between the years of 1961 and 1964.

William Zebulon Foster (1881-1961): An American labor leader, also a radical politician and U.S. presidential candidate (1924, 1928, 1932). In addition, he was national chairman of the Communist Party of the United States (1945-1956).

Felix Frankfurter (1882 to 1965): Born in Austria, co-founder of ACLU, served as a associate justice on U.S. Supreme Court (1939 to 1962)

Harold J. Laski (1893-1950): Political scientist from UK, member of Fabian Society, led British Labor Party between 1945 and 1946.

Morris Hillquit

Robert Morss Lovett

Abraham J. Muste

Jeanette Rankin (1889-1973): Politician and American reformer, a leader in women’s suffrage movement (Montana), first woman representative in U.S. (1917 to 1919, 1941 to 1943), only lawmaker to oppose WWI and WWII at the time.

Scott Nearing

Vida Scudder

Norman Thomas (1884-1968): Socialist leader in U.S., co-founder ACLU in 1920, Socialist Party candidate for president on six occasion (1928 and 1948).

Oswald Garrison Villard

L. Hollingsworth Wood

 

                                                New ACLU Members (1920 to 1930)

Clarence Darrow

Eugene V. Debs

John Dewey

Morris Ernst

George W. Kirchwey

Alexander Meiklejohn

Monsignor John A. Ryan

 

                                                New ACLU Members (1930 to 1940)

Vito Marcantonio

Virginius Dabney

Mary Van Kleeck

William H. Kilpatrick

Heywood Broun

Pearl Buck

Frank P. Graham

Mary Simkhovitch

Quincy Howe

Corliss Lamont

Thurgood Marshall

Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam

Elmer Rice

Sherwood Eddy

Whitney North Seymour

Robert E. Sherwood

 

                                                New ACLU Members (1940 to 1950)

Francis Biddle

George S. Counts

Norman Cousins

Elmer Davis

Melvyn Douglas

Walter Gellhorn

William H. Hastie

Robert M. Hutchins

Feda Kirchwey

Max Lerner

Archibald Mc Leish

John P. Marquand

A. Philip Randolph

Elmo Roper

Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.

Lillian Smith

Roy Wilkins

 

                                                Additional ACLU Members (1950 to )

Sarah G. Blanding

Catherine D. Bower

John Mason Brown

Stuart Chase

Grenville Clark

Henry S. Commager

J. Frank Dobie

Louis Hacker

August Heckscher

John Hersey

Palmer Hoyt

Gerald W. Johnson

Walter Millis

Saul K. Padover

Telford Taylor

James A. Wechsler

Edward Bennett Williams

Alan Barth

Benjamin Kizer

Robert S. Lynd

James G. Patton

 

 

Today’s ACLU

To come……